.Net Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Introduction to .Net:

The .NET is the technology from Microsoft, on which all other Microsoft technologies will be depending on in future. It is a major technology change, introduced by Microsoft, to catch the market from the SUN’s Java. Few years back, Microsoft had only VC++ and VB to compete with Java, but Java was catching the market very fast. With the world depending more and more on the Internet/ Web and java related tools becoming the best choice for the web applications, Microsoft seemed to be losing the battle. Thousands of programmers moved to java from VC++ and VB. To recover the market, Microsoft announced .NET.

But Microsoft has a wonderful history of starting late but catching up quickly. This is true in case of .NET too. Microsoft put their best men at work for a secret project called Next Generation Windows Services (NGWS), under the direct supervision of Mr. Bill Gates.

The outcome of the project is what we now know as .NET. Even though .NET has borrowed most of its ideas from Sun’s J2EE, it has really outperformed their competitors.

.NET is both a business strategy from Microsoft and its collection of programming support for what are known as Web services, the ability to use the Web rather than your own computer for various services. Microsoft’s goal is to provide individual and business users with a seamlessly interoperable and Web-enabled interface for applications and computing devices and to make computing activities increasingly Web browser-oriented. The .NET platform includes servers; building-block services, such as Web-based data storage; and device software. It also includes Passport, Microsoft’s fill-in-the-form-only-once identity verification service.

.NET Framework is a software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It includes a large class library named Framework Class Library (FCL) and provides language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages) across several programming languages. Programs written for .NET Framework execute in a software environment (in contrast to a hardware environment) named Common Language Runtime (CLR), an application virtual machine that provides services such as security, memory management, and exception handling. (As such, computer code written using .NET Framework is called “managed code”.) FCL and CLR together constitute .NET Framework.

The .NET framework was created by Microsoft in the late 1990’s, with the first version released in 2002. Since then several versions have been released, making the .NET framework better and more popular with each release.

.Net Framework all versions history and key  new features:

.NET 4.8 2019

  • Base classes
  • Common language runtime
  • Update WCF and WPF
  • Additional enhancements for high-resolution displays
  • Windows container image 
  • High DPI enhancements 
  • Security enhancements

.NET 4.7.2 2018

  • Numerous cryptographic enhancements.
  • dependency injection in Web Forms.
  • same-site cookies in ASP.NET.
  • APIs in collection classes.
  • Implementation of additional HttpClientHandler properties.
  • SQLClient support for Azure Active Directory Universal Authentication and Multi-factor authentication.
  • SqlClient support for enclave-based Always Encrypted.
  • Support for deploying HDPI-aware applications for Windows Forms, WPF, and Visual Studio Tools for Office (VSTO) using ClickOnce.
  • Support in WPF for finding ResourceDictionaries by source, for finding ResourceDictionary owners, and for finding StaticResource references.

.NET 4.7 2017

  • Visual Studio 2017
  • CLR 4.0
  • Includes improvements
  • High DPI support for Win. app. on Windows 10
  • Touch support for WPF app. on Windows 10
  • Enhanced cryptography support
  • Performance and reliability improvements

.NET 4.6.2 2016

  • CLR 4.0
  • Improvements in the following areas
  • Base Class Library
  • CLR, ASP.NET, SQL, WPF, and WCF

.NET 4.6.1 2015

  • Visual Studio 2015 Update 1
  • CLR 4.0
  • Includes new features in the following
  • Cryptography
  • NET
  • WPF, and WWF
  • Profiling
  • NGen

.NET 4.6 2015

  • Visual Studio 2015
  • CLR 4.0
  • Includes new features in the following
  • Changes in the Base Class Library
  • Resizing in Windows Forms controls
  • Open Source .Net Framework Packages
  • Support for Code page encodings
  • Improvements to event tracing
  • .NET Native

.NET 4.5.2 2014

  • CLR 4.0
  • Includes performance and debugging improvements
  • Support for automatic binding redirection
  • Expanded support for Windows Store apps
  • .NET 4.5.1 2013
  • Visual Studio 2013
  • CLR 4.0
  • Includes performance and debugging improvements
  • Support for automatic binding redirection
  • Expanded support for Windows Store apps

.NET 4.5 2012

  • Visual Studio 2012
  • CLR 4.0
  • Async Support
  • LINQ
  • Support for building Windows Store apps
  • Features Enhancement to WPF, WCF, WF, and ASP.NET

.NET 4.0 2010

  • Visual Studio 2010
  • CLR 4.0
  • Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF)
  • Task Parallel Library

.NET 3.5 2007

  • Visual Studio 2008
  • CLR 2.0
  • Built-In AJAX Support
  • LINQ
  • Dynamic Data
  • Multi-targeting Framework Support

.NET 3.0 2006

  • Visual Studio 2005
  • CLR 2.0
  • Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
  • Windows Communications Foundation (WCF)
  • Windows Workflow Foundation (WWF), and CardSpace

.NET 2.0 2005

  • Visual Studio 2005
  • CLR 2.0
  • Generics and generic collections
  • Partial classes
  • Nullable types
  • Anonymous methods
  • Introduced many new controls and features to ASP.NET

.NET 1.1 2003

  • Visual Studio .NET 2003
  • CLR 1.1
  • Features Enhancement to ASP.NET and ADO.NET
  • Built-in support for mobile ASP.NET controls
  • Security Enhancement
  • Built-in support for ODBC and databases
  • Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) support

.NET 1.0 2002

  • Visual Studio .NET
  • CLR 1.0
  • Support for Object-oriented Web application development
  • Use of DLL class libraries

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